Yes, narcissism, or narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), does have a genetic component, but a range of environmental factors, particularly during childhood, can also contribute.
Studies show that genetics may play a role in the development of narcissistic traits, such as grandiosity and entitlement. However, further research is needed to confirm the exact role of genetics in the development of NPD.
Alongside genetics, NPD may be caused by your environment. In fact, evidence suggests that certain childhood experiences can be linked to the potential development of narcissistic traits later in life.
Examples of this include:
- Conditional love: If a child receives conditional or inconsistent love, it may cause them to negatively internalize their self-worth and believe they can’t be their true self in order to be accepted. A sense of love withdrawal can also lead to them constantly seeking approval and admiration from others, and developing traits such as perfectionism or a sense of superiority.
- Critical parenting style: Research shows that having parents who are overly critical or harsh can force a child to perform in ways to please them and win their approval, including overcompensating with grandiosity.
- Overprotective parenting style: On the other hand, overprotection or excessive praise can also contribute to the development of narcissistic traits by creating an exaggerated sense of self and entitlement.
- Childhood trauma: Experiencing childhood trauma or neglect can increase the need for control. This can lead to the development of coping mechanisms, such as superiority or entitlement. It can also result in a lack of empathy and reduced self-worth.
If you’re concerned that you may be exhibiting narcissistic traits or behaviors, consider connecting with a mental health professional. They can work with you to explore your concerns and any experiences that may have contributed to this.
Therapy can help you to better manage your thoughts and behaviors and help you develop healthier ways to respond to them.